Euro Refrigerant R‑290 (Propane, HC)

Description

Euro R‑290 is high-purity refrigeration-grade propane used increasingly in energy-efficient, low-charge refrigeration systems like cabinets and heat pumps. It’s non-toxic and environmentally sustainable but highly flammable (ASHRAE A3), requiring rigorous handling standards. 

Key Features:

• GWP ≈ 3 and ODP = 0

• Excellent energy efficiency and heat transfer

• Lower mass flow and pressure drop versus HFCs

• ASHRAE A3: highly flammable natural refrigerant

• Approved for up to 500 g charge in European commercial equipment under IEC 60335-2-89 

• Chemical formula: C₃H₈; molecular weight ≈ 44.1 g/mol

• Boiling point: –42.1 °C; critical temperature: ~96.7 °C; pressure: ~42.5 bar 

• Safety class: A3; requires certified handling protocols

Applications:

• Small refrigeration units: display cabinets, beverage coolers, vending machines

• Compact heat pump systems and chillers

• Evolving use in household appliances 

Usage:

• Use only in purpose-built or certified equipment

• Charge limit by regulation (e.g., max 500 g in Europe per standards) 

• Implement ventilation, leak detection, and explosion-tight components

• Maintenance and servicing by properly trained technicians only

 FAQs:

1. Is R‑290 a safe alternative to synthetic refrigerants?
   Yes, when used in certified systems with proper safety design and trained technicians 

2. Can R‑290 be retrofitted into existing equipment?
   No—per EPA and European standards, only in new, dedicated installations

3. What are its performance benefits?
   Lower energy consumption, efficient heat transfer, and smaller refrigerant charge due to high performance